Processing conditions^a

Average grain size

UTS (MPa)

Yield strength (MPa)

Elongation (%)

Hardness (HV)

SA at 1100˚C for 150 min

27 µm

1030

330

48

230

95% CR

-

1950

-

4

546

95% CR + 850˚C/30s

65 nm

1780

1485

33

393

95% CR + 850˚C/180s

140 nm

1710

1075

37

291

95% CR + 850˚C/600s

810 nm

1420

870

34

262

95% CR + 850˚C/1800s

1.4 µm

1160

780

25

241